I have never done this before as a scholar, but I thought it might make sense to start the new year with briefly looking back on the year that has just ended. The raw basics of my 2013 may be known to some readers: April 1st, I left the University of Oxford and the Roman Economy Project to start as a postdoctoral researcher at Leiden University to work on my new project – ‘Building Tabernae’ (and to do some teaching). Furthermore, somewhere around the end of May, my book – The World of the Fullo – was published, and some copies arrived in my office soon afterwards. Obviously, that was a great moment – to finally have the final and definitive result of ten years work in your hands. It also was great to start in a new academic environment – though I was sad to leave the old one to which I had just become used. Yet, this is only the surface. In what follows, I will discuss what I have actually been working on, highlighting a triad of themes and topics that coloured my work this year: Roman textile economies, urban craftsmen and traders, and, of course, my new project – building tabernae.
Textile Economies
I started the year with finally writing up my ideas about Pompeii’s textile economy – a topic about which I had been reading, thinking, talking and writing since I started working on the fullones, but which I could not discuss satisfactorily in my book. I was happy to see the resulting article published in the latest Journal of Roman Archaeology with a response by Nicolas Monteix, who disagrees with some of my argument and argues for a different reading of some of the evidence (one which I, in turn, consider unlikely, but more on that later). I think it is very good to have the two views out there – back to back in the same journal – so that others can decide who has the better arguments.
For a conference on the economy of ancient textiles at Marburg, I wrote a paper on how we should and could move from studying ‘the Roman textile industry’ to writing the economic history of textile manufacturing and trade in the Roman world – pointing to some historical developments that might have changed textile economies throughout the Roman world – globalization, an increased (though still limited) trade and exchange of textiles over longer distances, and the emergence, in certain contexts, of investment on a larger scale. Such an approach allows us to move beyond the traditional (and false) question of whether the Roman textile economy was ‘modern’ or ‘primitive’.
Urban Craftsmen and Traders
Most of my research time went to the issue of urban craftsmen and traders in the Roman world. The core project, in this respect, was the editing of a volume on this topic resulting from a conference back in Oxford in 2011. For this volume, I worked on a chapter on the ‘intellectual history’ of Roman craftsmen and traders in the modern world – reconstructing the development of academic discourse from before the Mommsen era until the first years of the new millennium. This was perhaps the most challenging, but certainly the most rewarding experience of the year. It took me quite some time to work myself through all the literature, but it is really fascinating to see how scholarly networks shaped modern ideas about the ancient world.
Two other papers were more closely related to earlier work on the material remains of workshops. I wrote a chapter for an edited volume on Roman urban economies on how we might improve our use of the archaeology of urban workshops to discuss the economic history of Roman cities – through qualitative analysis (‘close reading’), and comparative contextualization. Another paper – for a conference on labor in Gent – explored the spatial situation of archaeologically identifiable work environments, and its impact on the social lives of workers – a topic that was central to my work on the fullones. The point I made in this paper was that the emergence of large scale (urban) working environments can be seen as one of the ‘innovations’ of the Roman economy, and one that had profound social implications.
Finally, I did a bit of work on trade and traders, a theme that I had discussed before in reviews, but not really engaged with myself. What I did was an analysis of networks of traders from the Roman Near East in the Roman west, and how these developed from the Aegean to Italy, and possibly beyond in the late Hellenistic and early imperial period. I did this for a conference in Bergen, to which I had been invited by Eivind Heldaas Seland. The paper focused on three places: Delos, Puteoli, and Rome, and on the presence of Near eastern traders in the Roman West. More on this topic will follow perhaps later this year on this site.
Building Tabernae
Last but not least: the new project. Well… What can be said? It is still early days. I have done a lot of preparatory work, reading and thinking, but I have few results that I am now ready to share (which is not surprising, after only nine months’ time). Yet, I did write an exploratory paper on investment in commercial space in the city of Rome, which allowed me to think about some of the problems that I will have to face when discussing the evidence from that city, and I have invested quite a lot in getting to know the many Roman cities from Italy that have been partially excavated and thus are relevant to the project. Based on this work, I have prepared a field trip for next spring, during which I will visit a selected number of sites in Tuscany, Latium, and the Apennines. More on that brief field trip will follow over the next months.
The challenge of this first phase in a project is that you have to make the switch from ‘campaign modus’ (‘give me the money because this project will change things’) to ‘research modus’ (‘how can I get the best possible results out of this project in the limited time that I have’), and this necessarily also involves a return to questioning your basic assumptions. Not so much because you made things more solid than they were, but because the scholarly field is constantly moving and evolving, and because a good research project cannot afford to be a prisoner of a proposal that was written a substantial amount of time before the project started, and on the basis of a much smaller knowledge basis. The first phase of a project costs time, and involves a lot of trial and error. It may take me to this time, next year until I will finally have found a direction I am happy with. Until that moment, I might remain mostly silent about what is happening in terms of talks and publications.
Other stuff
Besides these things, I also wrote a couple of reviews – on Claire Holleran’s Shopping in Rome, on Emanuel Meyer’s Ancient Middle Classes, on Peter Temin’s Roman Market Economy, and on Julia Hoffmann-Salz’s Wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der römischen Eroberung.
Other pieces that came out (but had been written in earlier years) include a chapter on the occupational identity of fullones in early imperial Italy – and the role of the ulula and the quinquatrus in that respect. This was part of a volume on textile production in the Roman world. edited by Margarita Gleba and Judit Pasztokai-Szeöke. Also, reviews of Tchernia, Les Romains et le commerce, and Laurence and Newsome, Rome, Ostia Pompeii. Movement and Space were published.
All relevant publications are listed below, where possible with hyperlinks.
Miko Flohr, 01/01/2014